$p^4+p^2+1$
$=p^4+2p^2+1-p^2$
$=\left\lbrace\left(p^2\right)^2+2\cdot p^2\cdot1+1^2\right\rbrace-p^2$
$=\left(p^2+1\right)^2-p^2$
$=\left\lbrace\left(p^2+1\right)+p\right\rbrace\left\lbrace\left(p^2+1\right)-p\right\rbrace$
$=\left(p^2+1+p\right)\left(p^2+1-p\right)$ [Answer]